Individually+Referenced+Data+Systems

n direct measurement focusing on relevant classroom behaviors ex oral reading

n repeated measurement
requires that a behavior be counted an recorded over a period of time. Ex using a session by session recoding when student progress is rapid through a small step sequence.

n graphing data
creating a visual display so that raw material can be analyzed. Ex summarizing data in a manner that leads to daily decision making.

n long-range goal performance monitoring
usually occur twice weekly from a random sample of a pool items ex the goal level the students wan to attain by the end of the semester or year

n short-range goal performance monitoring
used to monitor progress on a successive short term goals ex math progress across several skills and changes in performance are displayed proportionally.

n data analysis
instructional aims or goals provide the student and teacher with a framework to analyze data and evaluate students progress. Ex percent correct

from - Teaching Students with Learning Problems, 8th Edition, Cecil D. Mercer; Ann R. Mercer; Paige C. Pullen (2011)